Two track workers in hi-rail vehicles narrowly avoided a head-on collision with a freight train upon exiting the Kaimai Tunnel, where they had been working without protection. A series of miscommunications meant they believed protection was in place, and train control did not know they were on the track in the tunnel. The Commission has made recommendations for KiwiRail to clarify ambiguous procedures, improve radio coverage in and around the tunnel and improve safety-critical communication.